AFM 1 AFM 2 AFM Hi-Res Ball–Milling BET Centrifuge DSC Fluorescence FTIR Furnace 1 Furnace 2 Furnace 3 Furnace 4 Furnace Tube 1 Furnace Tube 2 Hardness HPLC Particle Potentiostat Raman Rotary Evaporator Solar Sim Stereo Microscope TG Upright Microscope UV-VIS-NIR UV–VIS single UV–VIS double XRD